Antimicrobial resistance interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review of reported interventions between 2018–2024

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health challenge, linked to 4·71 million deaths in 2021 and affecting human health, animals, food, plants, and the environment. This scoping review aims to map out published interventions addressing AMR in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, and grey literature for articles reporting the implementation of AMR programs, interventions, or policies aimed at tackling AMR published between January 2018 and December 2024. Results: A total of 82 studies were included, comprising 64 peer-reviewed articles and 18 from grey literature. The majority (n = 75) focused on human health, while a smaller subset (n = 7) addressed animal health. Geographically, most studies were conducted in Brazil (n = 32) and Colombia (n = 22) with only one study in the Caribbean. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions were the primary focus in 50 studies. Only 53 out of 74 studies included an evaluation of the intervention. Conclusion: Significant gaps remain in AMR research in LAC, particularly in animal and environmental health. Rigorous intervention evaluations are needed to generate high-quality evidence for policy and practice. Increased funding for intervention and implementation research across all sectors is crucial to tackling AMR regionally and globally.