The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

on behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

doi:10.1007/s12402-016-0208-3

The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

on behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

School of Public Health and Administration

Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care, Beirut
Harvard Medical School
Wroclaw Medical University
UC Davis Health
Al-Qadisiya University
University of São Paulo
National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz
Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico
National School of Public Health
University College Hospital, Ibadan
Universitat de Barcelona
Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health
Shenzhen Kangning Hospital
University of Balamand
St George Hospital University Medical Center
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Publica
Ulster University
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Mental Honorio Delgado-Hideyo Noguchi
El Bosque University
Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction
CES University
Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

703 Scopus citations

Abstract

We previously reported on the cross-national epidemiology of ADHD from the first 10 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. The current report expands those previous findings to the 20 nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys that have now collected data on adult ADHD. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to 26,744 respondents in these surveys in high-, upper-middle-, and low-/lower-middle-income countries (68.5% mean response rate). Current DSM-IV/CIDI adult ADHD prevalence averaged 2.8% across surveys and was higher in high (3.6%)- and upper-middle (3.0%)- than low-/lower-middle (1.4%)-income countries. Conditional prevalence of current ADHD averaged 57.0% among childhood cases and 41.1% among childhood subthreshold cases. Adult ADHD was significantly related to being male, previously married, and low education. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with DSM-IV/CIDI anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders and significantly associated with role impairments (days out of role, impaired cognition, and social interactions) when controlling for comorbidities. Treatment seeking was low in all countries and targeted largely to comorbid conditions rather than to ADHD. These results show that adult ADHD is prevalent, seriously impairing, and highly comorbid but vastly under-recognized and undertreated across countries and cultures.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	47-65
Number of pages	19
Journal	ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
Volume	9
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0208-3
State	Published - 1 Mar 2017

Keywords

ADHD
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Comorbidity
Disability epidemiology
Impairment
Prevalence
Treatment

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10.1007/s12402-016-0208-3

Cite this

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title = "The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys",

abstract = "We previously reported on the cross-national epidemiology of ADHD from the first 10 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. The current report expands those previous findings to the 20 nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys that have now collected data on adult ADHD. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to 26,744 respondents in these surveys in high-, upper-middle-, and low-/lower-middle-income countries (68.5\% mean response rate). Current DSM-IV/CIDI adult ADHD prevalence averaged 2.8\% across surveys and was higher in high (3.6\%)- and upper-middle (3.0\%)- than low-/lower-middle (1.4\%)-income countries. Conditional prevalence of current ADHD averaged 57.0\% among childhood cases and 41.1\% among childhood subthreshold cases. Adult ADHD was significantly related to being male, previously married, and low education. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with DSM-IV/CIDI anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders and significantly associated with role impairments (days out of role, impaired cognition, and social interactions) when controlling for comorbidities. Treatment seeking was low in all countries and targeted largely to comorbid conditions rather than to ADHD. These results show that adult ADHD is prevalent, seriously impairing, and highly comorbid but vastly under-recognized and undertreated across countries and cultures.",

keywords = "ADHD, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Comorbidity, Disability epidemiology, Impairment, Prevalence, Treatment",

author = "\{on behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators\} and John Fayyad and Sampson, \{Nancy A.\} and Irving Hwang and Tomasz Adamowski and Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola and Ali Al-Hamzawi and Andrade, \{Laura Helena Silveira Guerra\} and Guilherme Borges and \{de Girolamo\}, Giovanni and Silvia Florescu and Oye Gureje and Haro, \{Josep Maria\} and Chiyi Hu and Karam, \{Elie G.\} and Sing Lee and Fernando Navarro-Mateu and Siobhan O{\textquoteright}Neill and Pennell, \{Beth Ellen\} and Marina Piazza and Jos{\'e} Posada-Villa and \{ten Have\}, Margreet and Yolanda Torres and Miguel Xavier and Zaslavsky, \{Alan M.\} and Kessler, \{Ronald C.\} and Mohammad Al-Kaisy and Subaie, \{Abdullah Al\} and Jordi Alonso and Yasmin Altwaijri and Lukoye Atwoli and Auerbach, \{Randy P.\} and Axinn, \{William G.\} and Corina Benjet and Bossarte, \{Robert M.\} and Bromet, \{Evelyn J.\} and Ronny Bruffaerts and Brendan Bunting and Ernesto Caffo and \{de Almeida\}, \{Jose Miguel Caldas\} and Graca Cardoso and Cia, \{Alfredo H.\} and Stephanie Chardoul and Somnath Chatterji and Filho, \{Alexandre Chiavegatto\} and Pim Cuijpers and Louisa Degenhardt and \{de Graaf\}, Ron and \{de Jonge\}, Peter and Koen Demyttenaere and Ebert, \{David D.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016, Springer-Verlag Wien.",

year = "2017",

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doi = "10.1007/s12402-016-0208-3",

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T1 - The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

AU - on behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

AU - Fayyad, John

AU - Sampson, Nancy A.

AU - Hwang, Irving

AU - Adamowski, Tomasz

AU - Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio

AU - Al-Hamzawi, Ali

AU - Andrade, Laura Helena Silveira Guerra

AU - Borges, Guilherme

AU - de Girolamo, Giovanni

AU - Florescu, Silvia

AU - Gureje, Oye

AU - Haro, Josep Maria

AU - Hu, Chiyi

AU - Karam, Elie G.

AU - Lee, Sing

AU - Navarro-Mateu, Fernando

AU - O’Neill, Siobhan

AU - Pennell, Beth Ellen

AU - Piazza, Marina

AU - Posada-Villa, José

AU - ten Have, Margreet

AU - Torres, Yolanda

AU - Xavier, Miguel

AU - Zaslavsky, Alan M.

AU - Kessler, Ronald C.

AU - Al-Kaisy, Mohammad

AU - Subaie, Abdullah Al

AU - Alonso, Jordi

AU - Altwaijri, Yasmin

AU - Atwoli, Lukoye

AU - Auerbach, Randy P.

AU - Axinn, William G.

AU - Benjet, Corina

AU - Bossarte, Robert M.

AU - Bromet, Evelyn J.

AU - Bruffaerts, Ronny

AU - Bunting, Brendan

AU - Caffo, Ernesto

AU - de Almeida, Jose Miguel Caldas

AU - Cardoso, Graca

AU - Cia, Alfredo H.

AU - Chardoul, Stephanie

AU - Chatterji, Somnath

AU - Filho, Alexandre Chiavegatto

AU - Cuijpers, Pim

AU - Degenhardt, Louisa

AU - de Graaf, Ron

AU - de Jonge, Peter

AU - Demyttenaere, Koen

AU - Ebert, David D.

PY - 2017/3/1

Y1 - 2017/3/1

N2 - We previously reported on the cross-national epidemiology of ADHD from the first 10 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. The current report expands those previous findings to the 20 nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys that have now collected data on adult ADHD. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to 26,744 respondents in these surveys in high-, upper-middle-, and low-/lower-middle-income countries (68.5% mean response rate). Current DSM-IV/CIDI adult ADHD prevalence averaged 2.8% across surveys and was higher in high (3.6%)- and upper-middle (3.0%)- than low-/lower-middle (1.4%)-income countries. Conditional prevalence of current ADHD averaged 57.0% among childhood cases and 41.1% among childhood subthreshold cases. Adult ADHD was significantly related to being male, previously married, and low education. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with DSM-IV/CIDI anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders and significantly associated with role impairments (days out of role, impaired cognition, and social interactions) when controlling for comorbidities. Treatment seeking was low in all countries and targeted largely to comorbid conditions rather than to ADHD. These results show that adult ADHD is prevalent, seriously impairing, and highly comorbid but vastly under-recognized and undertreated across countries and cultures.

AB - We previously reported on the cross-national epidemiology of ADHD from the first 10 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. The current report expands those previous findings to the 20 nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys that have now collected data on adult ADHD. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to 26,744 respondents in these surveys in high-, upper-middle-, and low-/lower-middle-income countries (68.5% mean response rate). Current DSM-IV/CIDI adult ADHD prevalence averaged 2.8% across surveys and was higher in high (3.6%)- and upper-middle (3.0%)- than low-/lower-middle (1.4%)-income countries. Conditional prevalence of current ADHD averaged 57.0% among childhood cases and 41.1% among childhood subthreshold cases. Adult ADHD was significantly related to being male, previously married, and low education. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with DSM-IV/CIDI anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders and significantly associated with role impairments (days out of role, impaired cognition, and social interactions) when controlling for comorbidities. Treatment seeking was low in all countries and targeted largely to comorbid conditions rather than to ADHD. These results show that adult ADHD is prevalent, seriously impairing, and highly comorbid but vastly under-recognized and undertreated across countries and cultures.

KW - ADHD

KW - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

KW - Comorbidity

KW - Disability epidemiology

KW - Impairment

KW - Prevalence

KW - Treatment

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84995743790

U2 - 10.1007/s12402-016-0208-3

DO - 10.1007/s12402-016-0208-3

M3 - Artículo

C2 - 27866355

AN - SCOPUS:84995743790

SN - 1866-6116

VL - 9

SP - 47

EP - 65

JO - ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders

JF - ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders

IS - 1

ER -

The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

Abstract

Keywords

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