In vitro growth inhibitory effects of 13,28-epoxyoleanane triterpene saponins in cancer cells

Two new 13,28-epoxyoleanane triterpene saponins, magnosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract of Cybianthus magnus (Mez) Pipoly roots. Their structures were deduced by a combination of spectral analyses and chemical evidences as compared to data reported in the literature. The hemolytic activity of both compounds was measured. Compound 1 was shown to exhibit the strongest hemolytic activity with a HD₅₀ of 3.8 μM followed by 2 with a HD₅₀ of 33.5 μM. The bioactivity of compounds 1 and 2 was also evaluated in vitro against different cellular models including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leishmania amazonensis axenic amastigotes, mouse peritoneal macrophages and eight cancer cell lines. While neither of the tested compounds displayed any activity against M. tuberculosis, both exhibited anti-leishmanial activity against axenic amastigotes as well as in vitro growth inhibitory activity against all tested cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ growth inhibitory concentrations ranging between 4 μM and 33 μM. The compounds displayed similar growth inhibitory activity in cancer cell lines sensitive to pro-apoptotic stimuli versus those displaying various levels of resistance to such stimuli. Quantitative videomicroscopy analyses revealed that compounds 1 and 2 are cytotoxic.