Meningoencephalitis Due to Free-Living Amoebas in the Tropics

Purpose of Review: To asses recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of infections caused by free-living amoebas Recent Findings: The burden of disease by free-living amoebas is underestimated; global warming could increase incidence in future years. Early recognition of clinical syndromes may allow for prompt initiation of therapy and better disease outcome. Molecular tests allow for rapid identification of the amoeba. Treatment is based on successful clinical outcomes reported using repurposed drugs. The optimal regimen for each of the clinical syndromes is unknown. Summary: As global warming increases, clinicians will be challenged to diagnose and treat infections by free-living amoebas. Therefore, awareness of clinical syndromes, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic interventions is crucial.